You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. [34] The earliest evidence of coloured shirts used to identify football teams comes from early English public school football games, for example an image of Winchester College football from before 1840 is entitled "The commoners have red and the college boys blue jerseys" and such colours are mentioned again in a Bell's Life in London article of 1858. Prior to the 1970s gloves were rarely worn,[23] but it is now extremely unusual to see a goalkeeper without gloves. [84][85] A ban on women wearing the hijab was introduced by the IFAB in 2007, but lifted in 2012 after pressure from Prince Ali of Jordan. [14] A player's number is usually printed on the back of the shirt, although international teams often also place numbers on the front,[15] and professional teams generally print a player's surname above their number.
[19][20], The rules specify that all players, regardless of gender, must wear the same kit, however in September 2008 the Dutch women's team FC de Rakt made international headlines by swapping its old strip for a new one featuring short skirts and tight-fitting shirts. They became known as "knickers", and were referred to by this term until the 1960s when "shorts" became the preferred term. [79], A number of advances in kit design have taken place since 2000, with varying degrees of success. [10] Most professional clubs have sponsors' logos on the front of their shirts, which can generate significant levels of income,[11] and some also offer sponsors the chance to place their logos on the back of their shirts. [48], As the game began to spread to Europe and beyond, clubs adopted kits similar to those worn in the United Kingdom, and in some cases chose colours directly inspired by British clubs.
[44] The first shin pads were worn in 1874 by the Nottingham Forest player Sam Weller Widdowson, who cut down a pair of cricket pads and wore them outside his stockings. This is not a required field. [41] Rather than the modern shorts, players wore long knickerbockers or full-length trousers, often with a belt or even braces. [76] The high prices charged for replicas have also led to many fans buying fake shirts which are imported from countries such as Thailand and Malaysia. [2], While most players wear studded football boots ("soccer shoes"[3][4] or "cleats"[4] in North America), the Laws do not specify that these are required. Many professional clubs also have a "third kit", ostensibly to be used if both their first-choice and away colours are deemed too similar to those of an opponent. [54], In the period immediately after the war, many teams in Europe were forced to wear unusual kits due to clothing restrictions. [83] More successful were the skin-tight shirts designed for the Italian national team by manufacturers Kappa, a style subsequently emulated by other national teams and club sides. This product is not for sale yet. Most current players wear specialist football boots, which can be made either of leather or a synthetic material. [46], As the game gradually moved away from being a pursuit for wealthy amateurs to one dominated by working-class professionals, kits changed accordingly. This prevents confusion and wild attempts to wrest the ball from your neighbour. [16] The captain of each team is usually required to wear an elasticated armband around the left sleeve to identify them as the captain to the referee and supporters. The Everton players wore numbers 111, while the City players wore 1222. [61] However Spanish clubs FC Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao refused to allow sponsors' logos to appear on their shirts as recently as 2005. [7] Initially the home team was required to change colours in the event of a clash, but in 1921 the rule was amended to require the away team to change. Official products of international leagues.
[71] FIFA ordered the team not to wear the tops but the ruling was disregarded, with the result that the Cameroon team was docked six points in its qualifying campaign for the 2006 FIFA World Cup,[82] a decision later reversed after an appeal. [7] England's Oldham Athletic, who had traditionally worn blue and white, spent two seasons playing in red and white shirts borrowed from a local rugby league club,[55] and Scotland's Clyde wore khaki. In 1974 Johan Cruijff refused to wear the Dutch national team's strip as its Adidas branding conflicted with his own individual contract with Puma, and was permitted to wear a version without the Adidas branding. United switched to different colours for the second half and scored one goal without reply. [86][87] In keeping with French views, the French Football Federation said it would maintain its ban. [56] In the 1950s kits worn by players in southern Europe and South America became much more lightweight, with V-necks replacing collars on shirts and synthetic fabrics replacing heavy natural fibres. Most players affected choose to wear contact lenses, although Dutch player Edgar Davids, unable to wear contact lenses due to glaucoma, was known for his distinctive wraparound goggles. Boots of this era were made of heavy leather, had hard toecaps, and came high above a player's ankles. [7] This came to be problematic though, and an 1867 handbook of the game suggested that teams should attempt "if it can be previously so arranged, to have one side with striped jerseys of one colour, say red, and the other with another, say blue. [69] In the 1990s shirt designs became increasingly complex, with many teams sporting extremely gaudy colour schemes. [88], (), "The evolution of the football jersey an institutional perspective", "Interpretation of the laws of the game and guidelines for referees: Law 4 The Players' Equipment", "A Brief History of Football Kit Design in England and Scotland", "Regulations Relating to Advertising on the Clothing of Players, Club Officials and match Officials", "Dutch women ditch shorts to play soccer in skirts", "Goggles are Davids' most glaring feature", "Cech's rugby-style headgear passes the FA's safety test", "Andre Marriner debacle highlights Fifa aversion to video technology", "Who's the fat bloke in the number eight shirt?
Rubber and aluminum studs for football boots, Shin guards without ankle protections for footballers. This led to a ruling from the International Football Association Board in 2002 that undershirts must not contain slogans or logos;[73] since 2004 it has been a bookable offence for players to remove their shirts. [7] In 1909, in a bid to assist referees in identifying the goalkeeper amongst a ruck of players, the rules were amended to state that the goalkeeper must wear a shirt of a different colour to their team-mates. [72] A brief fad arose for players celebrating goals by lifting or completely removing their shirts to reveal political, religious or personal slogans printed on undershirts. [7] In 1973, German team Eintracht Braunschweig signed a deal with local alcohol producer Jgermeister to display its logo on the front of their shirts. [63] Players also began to sign sponsorship deals with individual companies. [7] Blackburn Rovers, for example, adopted shirts of a halved design based on those of the team for former pupils of Malvern College, one of the schools where the sport had developed. [62] Until 2011 Barcelona refused paying sponsors in favour of wearing the UNICEF logo on their shirts while donating 1.5 million to the charity per year. [33], The first written evidence of a clothing item specifically dedicated to football comes in 1526, from the Great Wardrobe of King Henry VIII of England, which included a reference to a pair of football boots.
Individual competitions may stipulate further restrictions, such as regulating the size of logos displayed on shirts and stating that, in the event of a match between teams with identical or similar colours, the away team must change to different coloured attire. [42] Initially, almost all teams wore knickers of a contrasting colour to their shirts. Although there were no regulations on which player should wear which number, specific numbers came to be associated with specific positions on the field of play, examples of which were the number 9 shirt for the team's main striker[51] and the number 1 shirt for the goalkeeper. [23] Gloves are available in a variety of different cuts, including "flat palm", "roll finger" and "negative", with variations in the stitching and fit. [25] Goalkeepers sometimes also wear caps to prevent glare from the sun or floodlights affecting their performance. [1] Goalkeepers are allowed to wear tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts. Driven by commercial concerns, other clubs soon followed suit, adding manufacturers' logos and a higher level of trim.
In 2002 the Cameroon national team competed in the African Cup of Nations in Mali wearing shirts with no sleeves,[80] but FIFA later ruled that such garments were not considered to be shirts and therefore were not permitted. Grid [47], Specialised football boots began to emerge in the professional era, taking the place of everyday shoes or work boots. Around the same time Adidas also developed the first boots with screw-in studs which could be changed according to pitch conditions. If you have more than one certificate you may enter multiples on the cart screen. You are pre-ordering it. [1] In the event of a match between teams who would normally wear identical or similar colours the away team must change to a different colour. [32] Referees also sometimes have sponsors' logos on their shirts, although these are normally confined to the sleeves. [71] The leading leagues also introduced squad numbers, whereby each player is allocated a specific number for the duration of a season. Although, the new look was derided, clubs in Britain and elsewhere had within a short time adopted the longer shorts.
Google Play, Browse our website adapted to your location: Ftbol Emotion's international websites. [26] Other items that may be dangerous to other players, such as jewellery, however, are not allowed. Their original colours of light blue and white were chosen to reflect an association with Cambridge University, where a number of the club's founders had been educated. This innovation, which had been requested by the team itself, was initially vetoed by the KNVB, Dutch football's governing body, but this decision was reversed when it was revealed that the FC de Rakt team were wearing hot pants (very short shorts) under their skirts, and were therefore technically in compliance. The 1960s saw little innovation in kit design, with clubs generally opting for simple colour schemes which looked good under the newly adopted floodlights. Players initially simply nailed strips of leather to their boots to enhance their grip, leading the Football Association to rule in 1863 that no nails could project from boots.
[31] The 1994 World Cup was the first in which FIFA dispensed with black kits for officials. By the 1880s these crude attachments had become studs. [50], In 1904, the Football Association dropped its rule that players' knickerbockers must cover their knees and teams began wearing them much shorter. [22] The first boots to be cut below the ankle rather than high-topped were introduced by Adidas in 1954. In Portugal's match against England in the Euro 2004 tournament, Ricardo drew much comment for deciding to remove his gloves during the penalty shoot-out. [71], A brief fashion for men wearing snood-scarf neckwarmers ended in 2011 when the IFAB banned them as potentially dangerous. In 2008 German club FC Bayern Munich received 25 million in sponsorship money from Deutsche Telekom. [37] In 1848, it was noted at Rugby that "considerable improvement has taken place in the last few years, in the appearance of a match in the use of peculiar dress consisting of velvet caps and jerseys"[38], Organised association football was first played in England in the 1860s, and many teams would probably play in whatever clothing they had available, with players of the same team distinguishing themselves by wearing coloured caps or sashes. [81] Manufacturers Puma AG initially added "invisible" black sleeves to comply with the ruling, but later supplied the team with new one-piece singlet-style tops. Enter a Program ID only if you've been given a special code to use when ordering to identify your order with a special purchasing group. [68] In the 1991 FA Cup Final Tottenham Hotspur's players lined up in long baggy shorts. [22] Players with sight problems may wear glasses as long as there is no risk of them falling off or breaking and thereby becoming dangerous. [6] In some cases both teams have been forced to wear their second choice away kits; such as the match between Netherlands and Brazil in the 1974 FIFA World Cup where they wore white and dark blue rather than their first choice of orange and yellow, respectively; and the match between Netherlands and Spain in the 2014 FIFA World Cup where they wore dark blue and white rather than their home colors of orange and red, respectively. Design decisions were increasingly driven by the need for the shirt to look good when worn by fans as a fashion item,[7] but many designs from this era have since come to be regarded as amongst the worst of all time. Professional clubs also usually display players' surnames or nicknames on their shirts, above (or, infrequently, below) their squad numbers. [35][36] House sporting colours are mentioned in Rugby football (rule XXI) as early as 1845: "No player may wear cap or jersey without leave from the head of his house". [60] Soon almost all major clubs had signed such deals, and the cost to companies who sponsor large teams has increased dramatically. Studs may be either moulded directly to the sole or be detachable, normally by means of a screw thread. Initially the concept was ridiculed but it soon caught on with other players.
[75] Several clubs have been accused of price fixing, and in 2003 Manchester United were fined 1.65m by the Office of Fair Trading. In the first six months after David Beckham's transfer to Real Madrid the club sold more than one million shirts bearing his name. Your certificate total will be shown and automatically applied as payment during checkout. [42] Lord Kinnaird, an early star of the game, was noted for always being resplendent in long white trousers. [42], Sporadic experiments with numbered shirts took place in the 1920s but the idea did not initially catch on.